地缘政治理论演变的新特点及对中国地缘战略的思考

New Characteristics of the Geopolitical Theory and Reflections on China's Geostrategy

随着中国的崛起与"一带一路"倡议的提出,加强对地缘政治理论的研究以制定合适的地缘战略,对中国而言越来越具有必要性和紧迫性。传统地缘政治理论主要从权力视角、空间结构主义视角、冲突视角和绝对主义视角来解读国际关系的发展。冷战结束后,地缘政治理论的发展又衍生出地缘经济学、批判地缘政治理论、文明冲突论、网权论、天权论等,并呈现出新的特点。主要表现为权力内涵的多元化,非地理空间重要性的凸显,对传统理论的批判与反思。地缘政治理论本身具有西方话语色彩,理论发展的目的均是服务于国家利益,特别是与国家地缘战略的制定紧密相关。因此,结合中国自身国情和国家利益,我们需要合理吸收有关地缘政治理论的内涵,在发展中国地缘政治理论的基础上,积极谋划中国的地缘战略,明确地缘战略目标,动态评估战略环境,综合运用多种战略手段,实现中国地缘战略的系统性提升。

With the rise of China and the implementation of the 'Belt and Road' initiative,it is necessary to strengthen the study of geopolitical theory so as to improve China's geostrategy.The traditional geopolitical theory mainly interprets the development of international relations from the perspectives of power,spatial structuralism,conflicts,and absolutism.In the post-Cold War era,from the geopolitical theory have derived geoeconomics,critical geopolitical theory,clash of civilization theory,cyberspace theory,space power theory and so on.Evolving geopolitical theories have exhibited new characteristics,including the diversified meaning of power,the highlighted importance of non-geographical space,and the criticism and reflections on the traditional theory.The geopolitical theory adopts a Western discourse,which aims to serve national interests,and shapes a nation's geostrategies.Therefore,we need to develop the geopolitical theory based on China's national conditions and national interests,and formulate China's geostrategy with clearer objectives and a dynamic assessment of environment.In this way,China's geopolitical strategy will be improved systematically.