基于量子测量的随机数提取机制

Random number extraction mechanism based on quantum measurement

通过分析一般的基于John von Neumann随机数提取机制的随机数生成方案,提出了一种改进的有效生成真随机数的方案。此方案只需制备一种单量子态进行测量,应用John von Neumann提取机制对数据做处理,最后得到平衡随机序列。与之前的方案相比,改进后的方案更加简洁,且初始阶段所需粒子由Bell态简化成了单量子态。在对大量随机序列做统计后估算误差,进一步提出了简单的生成非平衡随机数的方法。

After analysing the common random numbers（ RNs） producing scheme based on John von Neumann random extraction mechanism,this paper proposes an improved effective RNs producing scheme. It just need to prepare one type of single photons and measure them,then,RNs can be get by processing the data in John von Neumann algorithm.Compared with the scheme before,this improved scheme is more concise and the photons in initial phase simplified to single photons. Furthermore,based on the statistic of RNs and error estimation,a simple method is proposed to generate unbalanced random numbers.