农药混配制剂环境风险评估现状与展望

Environmental Risk Assessment for Mixed Pesticide Products: Current Situation and Prospects

本文综述了欧洲和美国农药混配制剂的环境风险评估方法。详细介绍了欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)评估体系中的2种方法,即,基础的"整体测试法"和近年来提倡的"基于组分的方法"。"基于组分的方法"的特点是以浓度加和模型(CA模型)作为默认假设进行初级评估,以独立作用模型(IA模型)等作为高级评估手段的农药混配制剂环境风险评估方法。此外,本文还介绍了模型偏差率(MDR)、毒性相似度及毒力单元(TU)等概念以及混配制剂风险评估流程。本文的目的旨在为建立我国农药混配制剂的环境风险评估方法体系提供参考。

We reviewed the environmental risk assessment methods for mixed pesticides products used in European and American in the paper. The two approaches of European Food Safety Authority （EFSA） risk evaluation system including＂overall test method＂and＂component-based approaches＂have been introduced in detail. The＂component-based approaches＂conduct first tier risk assessment for mixed pesticides products using the Concentration Addition （CA） model as reasonable default assumption, then finish higher tier risk assessment using Independent Action （IA） Model and Mixed Model （MM）. In addition, the definition related to mixed pesticides products risk assessment inclu-ding model deviation ratio （MDR）, toxicity similarity and toxicity unit have been described clearly. The purpose of the study is providing reference to environmental risk assessment or the mixed pesticide products in China.