吡唑醚菌酯对不同阶段斑马鱼的毒性效应评价

Evaluation of Toxicity Effects of Pyraclostrobin via Multiple Stage Zebrafish Assays

为评价吡唑醚菌酯对鱼类不同生命阶段的毒性效应,以斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)为测试生物,测定了其对斑马鱼胚胎、仔鱼(孵化3 d和孵化12 d)和成鱼的急性毒性及对胚胎和仔鱼(孵化3 d)的发育毒性。结果表明,吡唑醚菌酯对斑马鱼胚胎、仔鱼(孵化3 d)、仔鱼(孵化12 d)和成鱼的96 h-LC50分别为0.0578(0.0540~0.0631)、0.0299(0.0282~0.0320)、0.0330(0.0310~0.0350)和0.0756(0.0692~0.0862)mg·L-1,其毒性大小依次为仔鱼(孵化3 d)>仔鱼(孵化12 d)>胚胎>成鱼。与对照组相比,吡唑醚菌酯0.101 mg·L-1处理,可对斑马鱼胚胎24 h自主运动产生显著抑制作用;0.0609、0.0777和0.101 mg·L-1处理,可对斑马鱼胚胎48h心跳速率产生显著抑制作用;0.0609和0.0777 mg·L-1处理,可对斑马鱼胚胎96 h孵化仔鱼体长产生显著抑制作用。在供试浓度下吡唑醚菌酯暴露96 h后,均可对斑马鱼仔鱼(孵化3 d)体重和体长产生明显的抑制效应,对斑马鱼仔鱼(孵化3 d)心跳未产生明显影响。在高浓度下,吡唑醚菌酯可诱导斑马鱼胚胎产生畸形,主要包括心包水肿、卵黄囊水肿等;而对仔鱼(孵化3 d)未观察到明显的致畸效应。

In order to assess the toxicity effects of pyraclostrobin to different life stages of fish, zebrafish （Brachy-danio rerio） during embryo, larvae （hatched 3 days and hatched 12 days） and adult stages were selected to evaluate the acute toxicity as well as the development effects. The results showed that the 96 h-LC50 values of pyraclostrobin to embryos, larvae （hatched 3 days）, larvae （hatched 12 days） and adult of zebrafish were 0.0578（0.0540-0.0631）, 0.0299（0.0282-0.0320）, 0.0330（0.0310-0.0350） and 0.0756（0.0692-0.0862） mg·L-1, respectively. The toxicity of pyraclostrobin to four different life stages of zebrafish as follows：larvae （hatched 3 days）〉larvae （hatched 12 days）〉embryo〉adult fish. Compared with control groups, the spontaneous movements of 24 hpf embryos was signifi-cantly decreased by pyraclostrobin at concentration of 0.101 mg·L^-1 . The heart beat of the embryos was significant-ly inhibited by 0.0609, 0.0777 and 0.101 mg·L^-1 pyraclostrobin at 48 hpf. Furthermore, 0.0609 and 0.0777 mg·L^-1 pyraclostrobin could significantly reduce body length of hatched larvae at 96 hpf. At the higher test concentrations, pyraclostrobin induced a suite of morphological abnormalities during the embryonic development, including peri-cardial edema, yolk sac edema and melanin reduction. However, pyraclostrobin did not induce apparent abnormities in larvae （hatched 3 days）.