隔代教养家庭老年人的孙辈依赖与幼儿的意志品质研究

On the Older People'Dependency on their Grandchildren and Volitional Characteristics of Grandchildren in Grandparents Raising Families

自编"老年人孙辈依赖调查问卷"和"幼儿意志品质调查问卷",抽样调查了两所幼儿园的150名幼儿及其祖辈家长,结果发现:(1)大部分老年人具有中等程度的孙辈依赖水平,且孙辈数量少的老年人其孙辈依赖水平显著高于孙辈数量多的老年人;(2)老年人的孙辈依赖存在地区和职业差异,农村地区老年人的孙辈依赖分数显著高于城市地区老年人的孙辈依赖分数,过去是农民的老年人的孙辈依赖分数显著高于过去职业是个体户的老年人;(3)幼儿的意志品质得分普遍不高,但随着年龄增长有所提高;(4)老年人的孙辈依赖对幼儿的意志品质具有重要影响:老年人的孙辈依赖水平越高,其孙辈的意志品质得分越低,二者呈负相关.研究认为,祖辈老人要明确自己在家庭中的角色位置,防止产生对孙辈的依赖以及对孙辈幼儿意志品质发展的消极影响.

A sample survey by questionnaires was conducted on one hundred and fifty children in two kindergartens and their grandparents. The ＂Older People＂ Dependency on their Grandchildren Question- naire＂ and ＂Children＇s Volitional Characteristics Questionnaire＂ were made by authors themselves. The results shows that. （1） Most grandparents are in medium level in the dependency on their grandchildren and those with fewer grandchildren tend to depend more on their grandchildren~ （2） There are signifi- cant diHerences in grandparents＇ dependency on grandchildren between occupations and districts. The grandparents in rural areas depend much more on their grandchildren than those in cities, and those who were peasants in the past tended to depend much more on their grandchildren than self- employed indi- viduals. （3） Children＇s scores on volitional characteristics questionnaire are not high, but they increased with age. （4） Grandparents＂ dependency on their grandchildren negatively related to grandchildren＇s voli- tional characters. The stronger the dependency on grandchildren of grandparent, the lower scores for grandchildren on volitional characteristics questionnaire. The authors suggested that. older people should be clear about their role in family, and they pay much attention to their own spiritual lives and take part in more social activities, so that they would not depend on their grandchildren and impact neg- atively on their ~randchildren＇s development of volitional quality.