论伯林的消极自由和积极自由

Berlin's Concept of Negative and Positive Liberty

以赛亚·伯林在以往自由观念的基础上,针对政治自由、个人自由和社会自由,把自由区分为消极自由和积极自由。消极自由是指个体不受到干涉和阻碍,它关注的重点在于是否有外在的个人和组织对其进行强制以及在此基础上自由的限度;积极自由阐释了自我的自主性和主动活动的自由,它的核心在于恰当的运用积极自由,避免造成滥用。

Isaiah Berlin,based on the previous concept of liberty,distinguishes negative liberty from positive liberty concerning political,individual,and social liberty. The negative liberty refers to the idea that the individual would not be interfered or obstacle. In other words,the focus is whether there is outside force,people or organizations,to stop liberty and the limit of liberty based on this. The positive liberty interprets self autonomy and the freedom of active movement. The core is that the positive liberty should be used appropriately while abuse should be avoided.