直播杂交籼稻品种不同产量水平与产量形成特征及其差异性比较

Comparison of Different Yield Levels and Yield Formation Characteristics and Differences of Indica Hybrid Rice under Direct-Sowing

【目的】明确适宜直播高产杂交籼稻品种的共性特性,为直播杂交籼稻品种的筛选应用提供理论和实践依据。【方法】以29个品种为试材,研究直播对不同杂交籼稻群体质量及产量的影响,并探讨直播稻群体质量与产量间的关系。【结果】依据稻谷产量聚类分析表明,直播条件下,高产、中高产、中产、中低产、低产5类型品种间其产量、齐穗期株叶形态,抗倒伏性,以及结实期不同营养器官干物质积累及转运差异显著,以内7优39、F优498、绿优4923、旌3优177和内5优979产量(9 825.2~10 879.2 kg/hm2)较高,其有效穗、每穗实粒数、结实率、剑叶叶长、株高、干物质积累与转运能力,以及叶面积指数(LAI)均显著高于中产、中低产、低产类型品种;尤其结实期高产、中高产类型品种的上三叶叶张角均显著小于其他产量类型品种,可改善稻株中下部受光姿态,利于提高群体干物质累积量和总颖花数量,且高产、中高产类型品种基部节间抗倒伏能力较强,这些是直播杂交籼稻的共性特征,也是直播高产、中高产类型品种相对于其他产量类型品种增产的重要原因。相关分析表明,直播条件下,杂交籼稻产量与上三叶叶张角呈极显著负相关,与LAI、剑叶长、抗折力、干物质积累及转运呈显著或极显著正相关,尤其以结实期叶片物质转运率与产量的正相关性最高(r=0.76**)。【结论】结实期上三叶紧凑且直立,LAI高,抗倒伏性强,叶片物质转运率高是直播杂交籼稻高产、中高产品种的共性生理特征。

【Objective】In order to explore common characteristics suitable for direct sowing high yield hybrid indica rice varieties,and provide theoretical and practical basis for screening applications directsowing indica hybrid rice cultivars.【Method】29 different indica hybrid rice cultivars were used as materials,and analysis the effects of different hybrid indica rice population quality and yield during filling stage,and explored to correlation of population quality and yield under artificial direct-sowing.【Results】According to cluster analysis of yield,the results showed that there was an obvious significant difference in five yield classification types on grain yield,leaf shape,lodging resistance,and dry matter accumulation and transportation in different vegetative organs,within Nei 7 you 39,F you 498,Lvyou 4923,Jing 3 you 177 and Nei 5 you 979 is higher than other varieties of grain yield(9 825.2~10 879.2 kg/hm^2).The main reason is that high and medium-high yield type cultivars on effective panicle,filled grains per panicle,seed-setting rate,flag leaf length,plant height,dry matter accumulation,and leaf area index(LAI)were significantly higher than other yield levels.Especially from heading to maturity stage their flag leaf,2 nd leaf from top,3 rd leaf from top leaf angle were relatively small,which could improve the light and light posture in the middle and lower part of the rice plant,which could enhance the dry matter accumulation and increase the total spikelets.Also for high yield and medium-high yield cultivars is stronger between the basal internodes lodging resistance,thus contributing to high yield,are common characteristics direct-sowing indica hybrid rice,also broadcast high-yield,medium-high yield cultivars in relation to other important reasons to increase grain yield cultivars.The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the yield of hybrid indica and top three leaf,and had significant positive correlation with LAI,flag leaf length,breaking resistance,dry matter accumulation and transport,especially the positive correlation between leaf transport rate and grain yield was the highest(r=0.76**).【Conclusion】In the maturity stage,the top three leafs were compact and upright,and the LAI was high,the lodging resistance was strong,and the high transfer rate of the leaf material was the common physiological characteristics of the high yield and medium-high yield of the indica hybrid rice.