海昏侯墓“孔子屏风”姓氏问题释析——兼谈秦汉姓氏变革

Interpretation of the Surname Problem of“Confucius Screen”in the Grave of Haihun Marquis—and Discussion on the Surname Changes in Qin and Han Dynasties

通常认为孔子"子姓"、"孔氏",但海昏侯墓"孔子屏风"则记载为"姓孔,子氏",恰恰与此相反。之所以如此,可能源于秦汉时期姓氏的变革所造成的姓氏观念的空前混乱,以及刘贺对儒学的推崇。而"孔子屏风"的这种记载方式正从一个侧面反映了秦汉姓氏观的演变结果。秦汉姓氏观念的演变,主要经历了姓氏合流以及大宗氏与小宗氏合流的历史过程,这与当时的社会变迁存在密切关联,其本身就是适应该时期社会变动的历史结果。

It is generally believed that Confucius＇ s surname is ＂Zi＂and belongs to ＂the Kong Family / Clan＂. However,his surname recorded in the ＂Confucius Screen ＂ in the grave of Haihun Marquis is ＂Kong ＂ and he belongs to ＂the Zi Family / Clan. ＂ This is probably because of the unprecedented confusion in the concept of surnames caused by the changes in the surnames of the Qin and Han Dynasties and Liu He＇s esteem for Confucianism. The record of ＂Confucius Screen＂reflect from one side that the evolution result of the concept of family names in Qin and Han Dynasties. The evolution of the concept of surnames in Qin and Han Dynasties is a historical process in which surnames of large and small clans merged. This is closely related to the social changes at that time and is the historical result of the adaptation to social changes.