中国政府科技投入效率及其影响因素研究

The Research on the Efficiency of Chinese government's Investment in Science and Technology and Its Influencing Factors

本文利用2009到2015年的省级面板数据,采用基于松弛项的DEA模型对我国30个省级行政区的科技投入效率进行测算,发现东中西部的科技投入效率大致呈阶梯状分布,中西部省份对东部的追赶效应很明显。对Malmquist指数的分析显示,2009年之后各省的科技投入效率出现了整体性的进步,这源于全国性的创新环境改善。科技投入效率的影响因素分析表明,科技资金来源的市场化程度、R&D投入强度和基础研究资金占比对科技投入效率有正面影响,这说明政府在提高投入强度的同时,应完善对企业科技投入的激励机制,加强政府资金对企业资金的杠杆带动作用,注重培养企业内生的科技进步动力,发达省份可适当增加基础研究资金的比例。

The paper uses provincial panel data from 2009 to 2015 and DEA model based on the relaxation item to measure the efficiency of the investment in science and technology of China＇ s 30 province-level administrative regions, and finds that the efficiency of the investment in science and technology in eastern, middle and western areas is roughly a ladder-like distrihntion, and the catch-up effect of middle and western provinces to eastern provinces is obvious. The analysis on Malmquist index shows that the efficiency of the investment in science and technology of all provinces has improved overall since 2009 thanks to a national improvement of the innovation environment. The analysis on the influencing factors of efficiency of the investment in science and technology shows that the marketization degree of the sources of science and technology capital, R＆D input intensity and the ratio of the basic research funds have a positive impact on the efficiency of the investment in science and technology, which suggests that the government should increase the investment intensity, and at the same time, perfect the incentive mechanism of enterprises＇ investment in science and technology, strengthen the leverage leading role of the government capital to the enterprise capital, attach importance to the cultivation of scientific and technological progress of enterprises endogenous impetus, and the developed provinces can appropriately increase the proportion of basic research funds.