人类基因增强伦理价值判断的人性论困境与超越

The Dilemma of Human Nature Theory in the Ethical Evaluation of Human Genetic Enhancement and the Way out

现代性的价值指向、人性的基因决定论、人类天性与价值之间直接的因果决定论以及人类自由对基因获得方式的依赖性共同构成了哈贝马斯人性论的理论困境,使人性论在人类基因增强伦理批判中日现困境。发展伦理学的发展有限性原则提供了整体主义的视角,使我们能够从人类基因组、自然和社会三个系统对人类角色的限制来考察人类的角色,从而使基因增强对人类的生存可能具有的负面价值清晰地呈现出来。

What contribute to the theoretical dilemma of Habermasian theory of human nature are its modernistic value orientation, genetic determinism, the direct causal relationship between human nature and values and the dependence of human freedom on gone acquisition mode. It is also the reason why this theory is losing its force in the ethical debate concerning human enhancement. The principle of limitedness of development ethics offers a holistic perspective which makes available an investigation into the human role in the systems of human genome, nature and society. Through such an investigation, the negative values of human enhancement concerning human survival is made conspicuous.