民国国家学术奖励数学学科获奖概况与分析

A Survey and Analysis of Mathematics Awards in the National Academic Awards in the Republic of China

学术奖励是现代学术制度的重要组成部分。从1941年至1947年,民国教育部曾颁布六届国家学术奖励。其中,数学学科获得一等奖4项,二等奖5项,三等奖9项,另外还有一项鼓励性质的"奖助"。这些获奖项目基本涵盖了当时数学学科的一流研究成果,但还有些非常重要的成果未获奖励,甚为遗憾。本文分析了民国国家学术奖励的特点:1)战乱时期的科学壮举;2)高水平的奖励遴选;3)重视应用;4)重视计算等中国传统数学方法与领域。进一步剖析了民国学术奖励局限性的原因:(1)当时整体中国数学学术水平的限制;(2)对国际主流数学研究方向认识的局限;(3)战争局势限制;(4)奖励制度本身的限制;(5)人为因素影响。

The reward of academic achievement is an important part of modern academic system. From 1941 to 1947, the Ministry of Education in the Republic of China had promulgated six national academic awards. Among them, the mathematics subjects won the first prize 4, second prize 5, third prize 9, in addition to an incentive to the nature of the ＂ reward. ＂ These awards basically covered the top research results of mathematics at that time, but some very important results were not rewarded. This paper analyzes the characteristics of national academic awards in the Republic of China ; 1 ） the scientific feat during the war ;2 ） high level of reward selection ; 3 ） attach importance to application ; 4 ） attention to the calculation of traditional Chinese mathematical methods and fields. Further, the paper analyzes the reasons for the limitation of academic awards ： （ 1 ） the limits of the academic situation of the whole China; （2） the limitation of understanding of international mainstream in mathematics research ; （ 3 ） the limitations of the war situation ; （4） the limits of the reward system itself; （5） human factors.