不同覆盖方式和种植模式对土壤水热与玉米产量的影响

Effects of Different Mulching Method and Planting Patterns on Soil Moisture,Temperature and Maize Yield

为探寻东北旱地玉米最优的覆盖种植模式,采用小区试验并结合3种覆盖方式(秸秆覆盖、地膜覆盖和传统耕作)和2种种植模式(玉米单作、玉米间作大豆)研究其对土壤水热调控效应、玉米干物质累积和产量的影响。研究结果表明,对于同一种植模式来说,秸秆覆盖可以显著提高土壤根区贮水量,地膜覆盖对土壤增温效果最显著,而同一覆盖方式下土壤水分和温度受间作影响不明显。玉米产量明显受到覆盖和间作模式的影响,覆盖和间作可增加玉米产量,其中单作模式下,DM处理下玉米的产量比JM和CM分别提高19.34%、11.39%;间作模式下,DI处理下玉米的产量比JI和CI分别提高19.71%、13.74%。研究认为,地膜覆盖耕作玉米/大豆(DI)是东北旱地雨养地区适宜的覆盖种植措施。

In order to explore the optimal covering and planting patterns for maize in northeast dry land, the effects of three covering modes （ straw mulching, plastic film mulching, conventional tillage） and two planting patterns （ maize monocuhure, maize intercropping soybean） on soil moisture and temperature regulation, dry matter accumulation and maize yield are studied by plot experiment. The results show that： under the same planting pattern, straw mulching can significantly increase soil water storage in root zone and plastic film mulching can significantly increase the soil temperature, but soil moisture and temperature is not affected by intercropping under same covering mode; the maize yield is obviously affected by the covering and intercropping patterns; the maize yield of DM treatment is about 19.34% and 11.39% higher than that of JM and CM under monocuhure mode; the maize yield of DI is about 19.71% and 13.74% higher than that of Jl and CI, respectively under intercropping mode. So the plastic film mulching tillage maize intercropping soybean （DI） is the optimal covering and planting measures in the rain-fed area of the northeast dry land.