2014年山东省食源性疾病暴发监测资料分析

Monitoring data of foodborne disease outbreaks in Shandong Province,2014

目的了解山东省食源性疾病暴发事件流行病学特征,为制定食源性疾病预防控制措施提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对2014年通过国家食源性疾病暴发报告系统上报的98起食源性疾病暴发事件进行整理分析。结果 2014年共发生食源性疾病暴发事件98起,发病人数1 238人,死亡4人。5-9月是食源性疾病暴发高峰期,事件数和患病人数分别占总数的73.47%和83.28%;不明食品引起的暴发事件数最多,占总数的36.73%,在已经查明原因的暴发事件中,微生物是引起食源性疾病暴发事件数的主要因素;发生在餐饮服务场所的事件数最多,其次为家庭;在已经查明引发环节的暴发事件中,生产加工及误食误用是引起食源性疾病暴发事件的主要因素。63起事件由食源性疾病的哨点医院发现并报告,占全年事件报告总数的64.29%。结论加强对高发季节、高发因素、高发污染环节的监控;加强食源性疾病暴发事件的调查处置;加大防控食源性疾病暴发事件的宣传力度等,是预防和控制食源性疾病暴发事件的有效措施。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in Shandong Province so as to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control measures of foodborne diseases. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze 98 foodborne disease outbreaks which were reported through the National Foodborne Disease Outbreak Reporting System in 2014. Results A total of 98 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported in Shandong Province in 2014, involving 1,238 patients and 4 deaths. Most of the foodborne disease outbreaks occurred from May to September, the number of events and the number of cases accounted for 73.47% of the total events and 83.28% of the total cases respectively. Most of the outbreaks were caused by unexplained food, accounting for 36.73% of the total outbreaks. Among the outbreaks with identified causes, the main pathogenic factor was microorganism. Food service units were the main places for the occurrence of the foodborne disease outbreaks, followed by families. Among the outbreaks with identified pollution links, production and processing, accidental ingestion and misapplication were the mainfactors causedthe foodborne disease outbreaks. 63 outbreaks of foodborne diseases were found and reported by sentinel hospitals, accounting for 64.29% of the annual total reported outbreaks. Conclusions Strengthening the monitoring of high-risk seasons, high-risk factors and high pollution links, enhancing the survey anddisposal of foodborne disease outbreaks and intensifying the propaganda about prevention and control of foodborne disease outbreaks are the effective measures to prevent and control foodborne disease outbreaks.