用于轨道炮的超导储能脉冲电源设计

Design of Superconducting Energy-storage Pulsed Power Supply for Railgun

针对轨道炮的应用需求,为解决电感储能型脉冲电源炮口消弧与剩余能量回收的问题,在绞肉机电路基础上提出了一种新型超导储能脉冲电源拓扑。建立了脉冲电源与简单轨道炮的仿真模型,仿真实现了轨道电流在电枢出炮口前降为0的设计并进行了能量回收,分析了电容参数和终止放电时机对系统性能的影响。仿真与实验结果表明:该拓扑可以实现充电、放电、终止放电、能量回收4种工作模态;在充电电流16.5 A的条件下,最终输出的脉冲电流峰值达到了166 A,而且在放电过程后,回收了部分能量,回馈电流为11.2 A,这减少了系统45.78%的能量损耗;电容参数的设计应同时考虑对系统电压应力和脉冲电流波形的要求,终止放电时机应在考虑延时的前提下尽量后移。

According to the application requirements of the railgun, we put forward a novel circuit topology of super- conducting magnetic energy storage（SMES） pulsed power supply based on STRETCH meat grinder circuit to solve the problems of eliminating arc at the inductive energy storage pulsed power muzzle and residual energy recovery. The simulation model of pulse power supply and simple railgun is established. In the simulation, the rail current is reduced to zero before the armature out of the muzzle and the energy is recovered. In addition, the influences of the parameter of capacitance and the termination of the discharge time on the system performance are analyzed. The results of simulation and experiment show that four kinds of operating modes, including charging, discharging, termination of discharging, and energy recovery, can be realized through the topology. In the experiment, the current pulses with amplitude within 166 A are achieved when the charge current value is 16.48 A. Through the termination of discharging and energy recovery process, the final feedback current reaches 11.2 A, and the system energy loss is reduced by 45.78%. The design of capacitor parameters should be considered in the voltage stress and the requirements for pulse current waveforms. The termination of the discharge time should be as late as possible under consideration of delay.