儿童斑疹伤寒64例临床分析

Clinical analysis of 64 cases of exanthematous typhus in children

目的 探讨儿童斑疹伤寒的临床特点、诊断及治疗。方法 回顾性分析 1994～ 2 0 0 1年间住院治疗的 6 4例儿童斑疹伤寒的临床资料。结果 儿童斑疹伤寒仅发热、咽部充血表现突出。常见并发症发生率达 34 4 %。初诊时误诊和漏诊率高达 76 6 %。应用四环素、氯霉素治疗效果满意且预后良好。结论 儿童斑疹伤寒临床表现不典型 ,易误诊和漏诊。

Objective To study the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment of exanthematous typhus in children.Methods The clinical data of 64 children with exanthematous typhus during 1994～2001 in the hospital were retrospectively analysed.Results The main symptoms of exanthematous typhus in children were fever and pharyngeal hyperaemia.They were commonly complicated by acute bronchitis,bronchopneumonia and acute toxic encephalopathy.The incidence of complications was 34.4%.The rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis was 76.6%.The therapeutic effectiveness and the prognosis were satisfied in confirmed cases after using tetracycline or chloromycetin.Conclusion Exanthematous typhus in children is easy to be misdiagnozed or missed diagnosis because of its atypical clinical manifestations.