草木犀药材的生药学研究

Pharmacognostic Study of Melilotus officinalis

目的:研究草木犀药材的生药学。方法:从原植物形态、性状特征、显微特征和药材浸提物的紫外光谱、药材粉末的红外光谱方面对草木犀进行定性鉴别。结果:草木犀药材根横切面可见辐射型维管束中有19束射线;茎横切面髓部占整个横切面的4/5;小叶片横切面主脉维管束正上方有栅栏组织通过;叶柄横切面呈心形,内有3个大小不等的维管束成三角形排列;叶表皮分布有细胞组成的腺毛和单细胞非腺毛;组织解离中叶可见草酸钙方晶的晶纤维,不定式气孔,叶柄有腺毛和非腺毛表面可见疣状突起,螺纹导管;提取物紫外光谱图、药材粉末二阶导数红外光谱图特征明显。结论:该研究所建标准可用于草木犀药材的生药学鉴别。

OBJECTIVE： To study pharmacognosy of Melilotus officinalis. METHODS： Qualitative identification of M. officinalis was conducted in respects of morphology, macroscopic characters, microscopic identification, UV spectra for medicinal extracts and IR spectra for medicinal powder. RESULTS： Nineteen bundles of rays were distributed in the radial bundle of root cross section of M. officinalis. The main vein vascular bundle of leaf cross section had a palisade tissue passing over it. The pith of the cross section of the stem occupied 4/5 of the whole cross section. The cross section of the leafstalk was heart-shaped, and unequal vascular bundles arranged in a triangular array. There were glandular hairs, which consist of three cells, and unicellular non glandular hairs in leaf epidermis. The crystal fibers of calcium oxalate crystals and infinitive blowhole were found in the leaves; glandular hairs and non glandular hairs could be found in the leafstalk under tissue dissociation; verrucous like protuberance and threaded catheter were found on the surface. The UV spectrum of extract and two order derivative IR spectrum of the medicinal powder showed obvious characteristics. CONCLUSIONS： Established method can be used for pharmacognostic identification of M. officinalis.