从《乐记》论孔子“述而不作”

On Confucius' Thought of “Interpreting Instead of Creating(Shu Er Bu Zuo) ”in Record of Music

"述而不作"是孔子的解释思想,也是中国最早、最为基本、影响最为深远的解释学原则。孔子"述而不作"的原初含义是什么,孔子何以要"述而不作",以及孔子如何"述而不作",凡此皆可借助《乐记》这一儒家经典文献获得深一层理解。"作"与"述"的观念跟古人解释"乾"与"坤"、"乐"与"礼"、"道"与"德"关系的思想方式相同,二者一体而二面,相对待而成立、而存在。"述而不作"是孔子对自身文化处境和身份的自觉意识,对"斯文在兹"历史使命的主动承担。孔子通过解释"六经",传承并开显礼乐文化精义,以天地之道和人性之端为礼乐根本,并将"礼乐之情"与"礼乐之文"结合起来,其"述"充满创造性。孔子在述文武周公之志时,向世人演示了"述而不作"的生动范例。孔子之被称为"圣之时者"、"至圣",与他的解释原则和方法密切相关。此一原则和方法对后世的文化传承与创新意义重大。

＂ Interpreting instead of creating （Shu er bu zuo）＂ is the proposition of Confucius, and it is also China＇ s earliest, the most fundamental and far-reaching hermeneutic principle . What is the original meaning of Confucius ＂Interpreting instead of creating （ Shu Er Bu Zuo）＂？ What is the reason Confucius advocates this proposition？ And how Confucius acted on it？ All these questions can find their answers from the Record of Music, a Confucian classic literature. And the idea of ＂creating＂ and ＂interpreting＂ is similar to ancient explanations of the relationship between ＂Qian＂ and ＂ Kun＂, ＂ Music＂ and ＂ Ritual＂, and ＂Doctrine＂ and ＂Virtue＂ These two factors are two sides of one coin, and exist relatively and interdependently. ＂ Interpreting instead of creating （Shu Er Bu Zuo ）＂ is Confucius＇ self-consciousness of his historical mission of own cultural situation and identity and his initiative undertaking the ＂ culture is in their own hands＂. Through the interpretation of ＂ Six Classics＂, Confucius inherited and carried out the essence of ritual and music culture on the ＂Doctrine＂ of heaven and earth and human nature. By combining the ＂Content＂ and ＂Form＂, his ＂interpretation＂ （Shu） endowed full creativity. When narrating Zhou Wenwang, Zhou Wuwang and Zhou Gong~ ambitions, Confucius set a good example of ＂interpreting instead of creating （Shu Er Bu Zuo）＂. Confucius have been called ＂ the saint who can adapt to the development of the times＂ and ＂the most saint＂, which is mostly related to his principle of interpretation. This principle exerted great influence on later inheritance and innovation of Chinese culture.