三种环境材料复合对土壤水肥保持同步增效的影响

Study of composites of three kinds of environmental materials on the synergism of soil moisture conservation and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer efficiency

为研发基于功能互补的不同环境材料复合对土壤水分和氮磷肥保持增效的同步效应,本文选取保水剂(A)、腐植酸(B)和沸石(C),通过室内土柱模拟方法,采用正交实验设计,探究3种不同环境材料复合对土壤水分和氮磷肥保持同步增效的主次和不同目标的组合优化,最终获得提高土壤水分和土壤氮磷保持增效的最优组合,通过过程分析探讨不同环境材料对土壤水肥保持的效应机理。结果表明:3种环境材料复合对土壤水分和氮磷肥保持增效有明显效果,对水分保持和氮磷肥同步增效的最优组合为A3B3C2(即保水剂、腐植酸和沸石添加量为1.5、1.5 g·kg^(-1)和9.0 g·kg^(-1)),该组合相比CK的土壤水分淋出量减少3.5%,氮素淋出量减少12.1%,磷素淋出量增多65.5%;比较发现,沸石对土壤淋溶液p H和EC值影响最大,保水剂居中,腐植酸作用最小;3种环境材料的添加可增加土壤孔隙度,改善土壤团粒结构,具有改良土壤的效应。研究结果为新型肥料研发提供重要参考。

This study aimed to determine the simultaneous effects of soil water and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers based on the functional complementarity of different environmental materials. Super absorbent polymer（A）, humic acid （B）, and zeolite （C） were selected, and soil column leaching was performed to identify the main and secondary targets and combination optimization of composites of three different en- vironmental materials on soil moisture and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer. Eventually, the optimal combination of soil moisture and nitrogen- phosphorus conservation synergism was obtained, and the effective mechanism of different environmental materials on soil moisture and fer- tilizer conservation was analyzed using the process analysis. The results showed that composites of three kinds of environmental materials had significant effects on soil moisture and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, and the optimal combination of soil moisture conservation and nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer efficiency was A3B3C2（with super absorbent polymer, humid acid and zeolite of 1.5, 1.5 g＂ kg-1 and 9.0 g＂ kg-1, respectively）. Compared with those of CK, the water leaching was reduced by 3.5%, the leaching rate of nitrogen was decreased by 12.1%, and the leaching amount of phosphorus was increased by 65.5% in A3B3C2. Comparative analysis revealed that zeolites had the maximum in- fluence on the pH and EC values, whereas humic acid had the minimum effect. The addition of environmental materials could increase soil porosity, improve soil aggregate structure, and help improve soil properties. The results provide an important basis for new fertilizer research and development.