日本城镇海啸避难所规划策略研究

Study on Strategy of Tsunami Refuges Planning in Japanese Towns

以日本大地震"地震—海啸—核泄漏事故"这一重大复合灾害为背景,通过对日本城镇海啸避难所规划策略的研究,一方面归纳出海啸避难所定义与类型、海啸避难场所规划设计方法和发展策略,另一方面探讨了日本法律背景下的疏散计划框架。我国沿海城市灾害类型多且频繁发生,但避难疏散场所建设及防控措施单一而薄弱。本文力图弥补当前我国避难场所的课题研究的空白,系统化完善避难疏散场所规划体系,有效预防、减少和消除灾害损失,以期对我国沿海城市避难疏散场所提供实效性较强的规划策略和启示。

Taking Great East Japan Earthquake which is an ＂earthquake- tsunami-nuclear leakage accident＂ compound disaster to analyze the planning strategy of tsunami refuges in Japanese towns, the article sums up the definition, types, planning method and development strategy of tsunami refuges, and explores the evacuation framework under the legal background of Japanese. Various types of disasters occur frequently among Chinese coastal cities, but the prevention and control measures for refuges in those cities are less and weak. The study aims to make up for the lack of research of refuges in China, to perfect the planning system of refuges systematically, to prevent, reduce and eliminate the loss caused by disasters effectively, and to provide an enlightenment of effective planning strategies for refuges of Chinese coastal cities.