糖尿病治疗药物改善阿尔兹海默病患者认知障碍的研究现状

Research progress on the role of antidiabetic drugs in treatment of cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease

伴随着生活习惯的改变和人口老龄化的加剧,阿尔兹海默病(AD)和2型糖尿病(T2DM)已成为当前威胁全球人类健康的重要的非传染性疾病。近年来,越来越多的基础研究和临床研究表明,T2DM是导致认知障碍和痴呆的危险因素之一,而AD患者也往往伴随有脑内胰岛素信号转导障碍和胰岛素代谢紊乱,T2DM和AD在病理进展上具有共同信号通路。本文以此为出发点,对现有降糖药物(如胰岛素、胰高血糖素样肽-1类似物、噻唑烷二酮类、二肽基肽酶-4抑制药)对AD患者认知障碍的改善作用及相关机制研究做相关综述。

Alzheimer＇ s disease（ AD） and type 2 diabetes mellitus（ T2DM）,causing by population ageing and changing lifestyles,have become latest threats to human health. Recent basic researches and clinical studies suggested that T2DM was a risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia. Brain insulin signaling impairment and insulin metabolic disorders are often associated with patients with AD,indicating T2 DM and AD share similar signaling pathways during pathological development. Therefore, the underlying mechanism involved in cognitive improvement of antidiabetic drugs（ including insulin,glucagon-like peptide-1,thiazolidinediones and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors）for AD patients are discussed in this review.