播期对秸秆带状覆盖下冬小麦干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effect of Sowing Time on Yield of Winter Wheat and Water Use Efficiency in Semiarid Rain-fed Region under Straw Strip Covering Condition

为明确半干旱雨养区玉米秸秆带状覆盖条件下播种时间对小麦产量和水分利用效率可能带来的影响,在甘肃省通渭县常河镇甘肃农业大学旱作小麦试验基地设7个播期处理,分别为9月14日(T1)、9月19日(T2)、9月24日(T3)、9月29日(T4)、10月4日(T5)、10月9日(T6),以9月24日露地种植为对照(CK),研究了播期对冬小麦生育期、干物质积累及产量等性状的影响。结果表明,T2处理的产量和WUE最高,穗粒数和千粒重也显著高于其他处理。推迟播期缩短了冬小麦全生育其天数,各生育阶段天数抽穗前大于抽穗后;播期对植株干物质积累的影响表现为营养生长期大于生殖生长期,花前干物质向籽粒的转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率随播期推迟呈增加的趋势。综合来看,在半干旱雨养区玉米秸秆带状覆盖条件下9月19日是冬小麦最佳播期。

In order to supply suitable sowing time for this new straw strip covering technology, the experiment was conducted at test station of Gansu Agricultural University in Tongwei County of Gansu Province, and seven treatments were designed to study the effect of sowing date on the growth period of winter wheat, dry matter accumulation and distribution, and yield. Seven sawing date is September 14th （T1）, September 19th （T2）, September 24th （T3） September 29th （T4）, October 4th （T5）, October 9th （T6） and September 24th as control （CK）. The results showed that T2 had the highest yield and WUE, and gave significantly higher grain number and grain weight than other treatments.The correlation analysis showed that wheat yield was significantly positively correlated with grain number per panicle, 1000 grain weight and WUE, which illustrated the grain number and grain weight were the main factors affecting production. The delay of the sowing date of winter wheat shortened the whole growth duration, and the duration of each stage before heading and after heading. The effects of sowing date on dry matter quality of the vegetative growth period were higher than those of reproductive period, and dry matter translocation amount and the contribution rate to grain before anthesis increased as sowing date delayed.