中国OFDI对国内就业影响的整体效应与区域差异研究

Overall Effects and Regional Differences of OFDI on Domestic Employment in China

从宏观供给视角来看,OFDI对母国产出和就业的影响渠道,不仅表现在对要素投入数量的影响,更重要的还表现在对技术效率或全要素生产率的影响上。从C-D生产函数出发,基于2003~2015年30个省际面板数据,运用Sys-GMM方法,实证考察中国OFDI对国内就业影响的整体效应和区域差异,结果发现:从整体分析来看,OFDI对国内就业的促进效应具有明显的滞后性;从区域分析来看,OFDI对国内就业的促进效应不但存在滞后性,而且存在区域差异性,市场化程度越高的区域,OFDI对国内就业的长期促进效应越显著。这意味着:OFDI通过各种途径提升全要素生产率,改善资源的配置方式和效率,促进产出和就业的增加是一个长期过程;OFDI对国内就业的影响效应与国内市场化进程存在密切关联,良好的市场制度环境是OFDI发展、以及OFDI国内就业促进效应得以有效发挥的重要前提。

From the perspective of aggregate supply, the impact of OFDI on domestic output and employment is not only via the channel of factor inputs, more importantly via the channel of technical efficiency or TFP. Based on 30 provincial panel data from 2003 to 2015, and starting from the C-D production function, this paper, by using Sys-GMM approach, estimates empirically the overall effects and regional differences of OFDI on domestic employment in China. Results show that： from the the point of overall analysis, OFDI has made a promoting effect on domestic employment with an obvious time lag; from the point of regional analysis, the promoting effect of OFDI on domestic employment not only has time lag, but also has regional differences. The higher the regional marketization degree is, the stronger the long- term promoting effect of OFDI on domestic employment is. Results also indicate that it is a long-term process for OFDI to enhance TFP, perfect resources allocation mode and efficiency, and finally increase outputs and jobs in various kind of ways. There is a close relationship between effects of OFDI on domestic employment and domestic marketization. A good market environment is an important precondition for OFDI development so that its domestic employment promotion effect could be fully exerted .