民用无人机交通管理策略综述

Review on Civil Unmanned Aircraft Traffic Management Strategies

民用无人机交通管理策略,应基于运行场景分类,分别采取开放、特许、审定的分级监管政策,从概念、到技术、到标准、到政策法规和解决方案,逐步形成;在战略层面主要解决空域分类和划设问题,在战术层面主要解决差异化空中交通服务问题。对于与现行有人机融合运行场景的交通管理策略,以国际民航组织RPAS为代表,应适应现行空中交通管理规则,目前停留在概念阶段。对于与现行有人机隔离运行场景的交通管理策略,应成为现行空中交通管理规则的扩充。美国航空联邦管理局和欧洲航空安全局已完成政策法规框架,并针对轻小型无人机在隔离空域保持与人群安全距离的视距内低高度运行场景制定规则;同时提出以UTM、U-Space为代表的分阶段解决方案,方案所解决的基本服务包括民用无人机及驾驶员在线登记注册管理、基于通信的合作目标身份认证与动态追踪,以及静态地理围栏。

Civil unmanned aircraft （UA） traffic management strategies should be completed to solve air-space classification and configuration problem sat the strategic level, and to provide different air traffic services at the tactical level, with step- by- step forming concepts, technologies, standards, regulations and solutions ,which are covered with the hierarchical oversight policy including open, specific and certified categories based on the classification of the operation scenarios. The strategies for non- segregated operations, taking RPAS recommended by International Civil Aviation Organization for example, should apply to the existing air traffic management （ATM） rules, which are still in the conceptual stage. The strategies for segregated operations should be the expansion of the existing ATM rules. Both the Federal Aviation Ad- ministration of the United States （FAA）and the European Aviation Safety Agency （EASA）have planned the regulatory frameworks with solutions, namely UTM from FAA and U- Space from EASA, providing bas- ic services including online UA and operator registration, communication- based UA identification and tracking, and static geo- fencing, and even established the relevant rules for single small UA visual line- of - sight operation in low- ahitudesegregated airspace keeping a safe distance from people.