非共价功能化碳纳米角的研究进展

Research Progress on Noncovalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanohorns

碳纳米角具有比表面积大、化学稳定性高、导电性和生物相容性优异等诸多优点,并且它独特的锥形形态使它具有很多独特的性质。但碳纳米角的sp2杂化结构表现出溶剂化惰性,在常见溶剂中的分散性较差,易聚集,这在一定程度上限制了碳纳米角的实际应用。综述了碳纳米角的性质和功能化方法,详细介绍了小分子的∏-∏堆积作用、大分子的缠绕和吸附作用、固定纳米粒和填充内部空间等CNHs功能化方法的研究现状和应用进展,同时提出了非共价功能化方法存在的不足和亟待解决的问题。

Carbon nanohoms have superior properties, such as large surface areas, stability, the electrical conductivity and biocompatibility. They also have their own unique behavior due to their specific conical morphology. The solvent inertness because of the sp2-bonded carbon atoms made arbon nanohoms difficultly dispersible and aggregate into clusters, which affect the application of carbon nanohoms. The methods of chemical functionalization and the properties of carbon nanohorns are summarized. This review outlines the research progress and application developments of noncovalent functionalization on carbon nanohoms, including [I-I] stacking interaction between small molecules and carbon nanohoms, surface winding and coating with macromolecule, immobilization of nanoparticles and filling modification. The existing problems and burning question in the noncovalent functionalization are proposed.