高校实验室使用激光的安全管理

The Safety Management of Laser Used in University Laboratories

激光是一种新型光源,具有单色性好、方向性好和亮度高等优点,已经广泛应用于工业、医疗、科学研究、军用武器和通信等各个领域。但是各种激光设备在应用中也会产生潜在危害。所以在使用激光设备时需要采取一定的安全防护措施。从高校实验室激光安全使用与管理出发,以佛罗里达大学实验室为例,探讨了实验室的激光安全标准,激光的危险等级,重点分析评价激光使用过程中可能存在的风险因子及其对人体造成的潜在伤害和为应对这些风险因子所采取的各种措施。最后从安全意识的培养、良好实验习惯的养成和基础实验设施的完善等提出建议,探索高校实验室激光安全使用的方法途径,防范激光使用的安全风险。

Laser is a new light source, with many excellent characteristics such as good direction, high brightness and good coherence. It has been widely used in industry, medisin, scientific research, military weapons and communications and other fields. However, laser equipment in the application may produce potential hazard, it is necessary to take some safety protection measures in use of laser devices. Starting from the laser safety of university laboratory, this paper takes the laboratory of University of Florida as an example, discusses laser safety standards, hazard level of the laser. This paper mainly analyzes the evaluation of risk factors that a laser laboratory may exist, the harm of these risk factors to human body, and measuring method of these risk factors. Finally, improvement suggestions are put forward from three aspects, i. e., training of security awareness, forming good experiment habits and perfecting basic experimental facilities. The paper is to explore ways and approaches of laser safety in university laboratories, and is hopeful to prevent the risk of laser application.