长江流域2003～2015年用水量变化分析

Water Consumption Change in the Yangtze River Basin from 2003 to 2015

根据长江流域水资源公报2003~2015年用水调查统计数据及有关社会经济资料,系统分析了长江流域及各水资源二级区的用水总量、组成和指标的变化趋势。流域总用水量由1702.6×10~8m^3增加到2054.6×10~8m^3,年均递增率为1.58%;用水组成有明显变化,农业用水比例由55.0%下降到48.6%,工业用水比例由33.2%上升到35.8%,生活用水比例由11.8%上升到15.7%,其中农业发达的中游地区农业用水占比高达61%,工业发达的下游地区工业用水占比51%,但是农村用水急剧减少,反映农村人口急剧减少的作用;人均综合用水量变化不大,在400~450m^3之间,但从下游到上游,人均用水量是急剧减少的,反映社会经济发展不平衡性;变化最为明显的是,综合用水效率不断提高,万元GDP（2000年同比价）用水量由431m^3下降到184 m^3,单位面积的农田灌溉用水效率也明显提高,反映了社会经济发展与科技革新对用水指标的深刻影响。

According to the water resources of the Yangtze River Basin Water bulletin 2003--2015 survey and related social economic data, the water consumption, composition and water consumption index trend in the Yangtze River Basin were systematically analyzed. The basin total water use increased from 1702.6 × 10~8 m^3 to 2054.6 × 10~8 m^3, with an average annual increase rate of 1.58%; the proportion of agricultural water consumption decreased from 55% to 48.6%, industrial the water ratio increased from 33.2% to 35.8%, the proportion of living water increased from 11.8% to 15.7%. Among them, the middle reaches of agri-cultural developed agricultural water accounted for up to 61%, industrial developed downstream indus-trial water accounted for more than 51%, but the rural water decreased sharply, reflecting a sharp de-crease in the rural population; per capita comprehensive water consumption changed little in between 400-450 m^3, but from the downstream to the upstream, the water consumption per capita is drastically reduced, reflecting the social and economic development is not balanced; The most obvious change is that the comprehensive water consumption decreased from 431 m^3（2000 prices） to 184 m^3 per million Yuan GDP. The irrigation water efficiency per unit area increased significantly, which reflects the profound in-fluence of social economic development and technological innovation of water consumption index.