作为文学批评术语的“自然主义”内涵辨析

Analysis on the Connotation of “Naturalism” as a Term in Literature Criticism

"自然主义"这一术语由于在文学批评中的广泛运用和不断界定,导致其内涵常常被误解和误用。因此,要在文学批评中合理地运用"自然主义"一词,就有必要对"自然主义"的不同形态,即作为一种文学思潮(流派)的"自然主义"、作为一种文学理论(诗学)的"自然主义"、作为一种创作方法的"自然主义"进行辨析,明确不同形态的"自然主义"在文学批评中的内涵指向,并在运用中注意"自然主义"与现实主义的差异性和"自然主义"评价标准的单一化问题,克服运用"自然主义"的泛化倾向,避免先入为主的偏见,在特定的语言形态和批评语境中去理解和运用"自然主义"。

The wide application and continues redefinition of the term ＂naturalism＂ in literature criticism lead to its frequent misunderstanding and misusing. Therefore, in order to use this term appropriately, it is necessary to distinguish the different forms of ＂naturalism＂ as a literary school, as a literature theory, and as a method of literature creation, clarifying its different orientation of connotations in literature criticism, and al- so be aware of the nuanced difference between ＂naturalism＂ and realism, as well as the problem of mono - standard judgment of ＂naturalism＂ , in order to overcome the over general usage of the term, avoiding the prej- udice of first impression, thus to understand and apply ＂naturalism＂ correctly under specific language mode and criticism context.