基于Ecopath的小清河河流生态系统关键功能组分析

Analysis of key functional group for Xiaoqinghe River ecosystem based on Ecopath

关键功能组对于维持生态系统结构完整、功能完善具有重要意义。为此,本研究引入国际惯用的营养通道模型—Ecopath,定量分析计算了水生态系统结构组成及营养关系,并通过生态系统内物质、能量流动的方向与数量确定了水生生态系统关键种,提出了一套关键功能组构建的方法。将该方法应用于小清河流域,结果显示小清河流域关键功能组成员随季节有很大变动:春季包括青鳉、鲫、水丝蚓、原生动物、隐藻;夏季变为青鳉、泥鳅(包括大鳞副泥鳅)、水丝蚓、原生动物、黄藻;秋季则为泥鳅(包括大鳞副泥鳅)、餐、秀丽白虾、轮虫、裸藻)。本方法可为水生态文明建设提供明确的水生态系统保护重点物种,为流域生态需水计算、水生态健康修复及水生态文明建设提供管理和决策依据。

Key functional group is of great significance to monitoring aquatic ecosystem health and protecting biodiversity. In this paper, we introduced the Ecopath model to quantitively analyze the structural composition and nutritional relationships in an aquatic ecosystem. After calculating the direction and amount of the substance and energy flow in the ecosystem, we determined the key species in the ecosystem and proposed a method to build the key functional group. The method was then applied to the Xiaoqinghe River Basin. Results showed that the members of the key functional group changed with the season., in spring, there were Oryzias latipes , Carassius auratus, Limnodrilus, Protozoa, and Cryptomonas ; in summer, there were Oryzias latipes, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus （including Paramisgurnus dabryanus）, Limnodrilus, Protozoa, and Tribonema sp. ; in autumn, there were Misgurnus anguillicaudatus （including Paramisgurnus dabryanus）, Hemiculter leucisculus, Exopalaemon modestus, Lepadella and Euglena. This approach can provide a simple way to select important species for aquatic ecosystem protection, and provide a basis for the wise management of water resources and construction of aquatic ecological civilization.