基于生态足迹的长江经济带生态补偿机制研究

Research on Ecological Compensation Mechanism of the Yangtze River Economic Belt Based on Ecological Footprint

以修复长江经济带生态环境作为切入点,基于生态足迹理论与方法,测算了长江经济带各省市生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字及生态投入与生态补偿标准,并探讨了长江经济带生态补偿的政策思路;结果表明:2013年长江经济带整个流域内均为生态赤字,生态压力较大,特别是长江中下游生态安全问题严重,化石能源地、草地和水域等土地资源开发过度;通过构建长江经济带生态补偿标准模型,得到长江中下游地区对长江上游地区总的生态补偿额为514.797 5亿元,有助于长江经济带生态保护和经济协调可持续发展。

This paper starts with the remediation of ecological environment of the Yangtze River economic belt,based on theory and method of ecological footprint,measures ecological footprint,ecologically carrying capacity, ecological deficit, ecological input and ecological compensation standard of each province and municipality along the Yangtze River economic belt,and discusses the policy for ecological compensation of the Yangtze River economic belt. The results show that in 2013,ecological deficit was demonstrated in the whole basin of the Yangtze River economic belt,that ecological pressure is big,especially the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River displays serious ecological problem because the resources of their fossil energy land,grassland and water resources are excessively exploited. By constructing ecological compensation standard model of the Yangtze River economic belt,this paper derives the ecological compensation amount 51. 47975 billion yuan of the areas of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the areas of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River,which is conducive to the ecological protection and coordinated and sustainable development of the economy of the Yangtze River economic belt.