地铁深基坑施工风险时空演化及控制

Risk Evolution and Control in Metro Foundation Constructions

地铁基坑安全事故频发主要是基坑工程本身的特点和风险管理的缺陷,本文以武汉某地铁车站为例,从风险预测、风险规律研究、风险过程控制等过程提出了系统的风险管理方法,重点研究了基坑施工风险时空演化规律。首先,针对目前风险预测方法的缺陷,引入支持向量机实现基坑风险等级分类预测,有效地解决了基坑工程数据收集困难的问题;继而根据风险预测结果,得出了该地铁车站施工风险时空演化规律;最后以风险演化规律为依据,结合BIM技术进行基坑风险控制,风险状态可实时直观地展示,风险应对措施自动生成以防范安全事故的发生。研究结果证明本文提出的方法可有效保证地铁车站施工过程安全。

The frequently happened accidents in metro constructions are due to characteristics of foundation pit engineering and risk management deficiencies. This paper proposed a systematic risk management approach from the aspects of risk forecast, risk patterns and risk process control. Taking a metro station in Wuhan for example, the authors analyzed temporal evolution of the construction risk. Owing to the defects of current risk prediction methods, the authors first introduced the Support Vector Machine （SVM） to achieve risk prediction and classification, the proposed method effectively solved the difficulty in data collection of foundation the temporal evolution patterns of construction risks pit. Second, according to the risk prediction results, in the station were obtained. Finally, the risk control method using BIM technology was implemented and risk status could be visually displayed in real time, and risk control measures could be generated automatically to prevent the accidents. The results proved that the proposed method can effectively improve the construction safety in metro constructions.