超声波辅助提取中国沙棘浆果多酚的工艺优化及其成分分析

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Chinese Seabuckthorn Berries and Composition Analysis

筛选超声波辅助提取中国沙棘浆果多酚的最佳工艺条件,并分析其成分。在料液比、乙醇浓度、超声温度和超声时间4个单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面优化,确定最佳工艺条件。通过有机溶剂萃取法对提取的粗多酚进行纯化,并对其成分进行分析。单因素筛选结果表明:当料液比为1∶15g/mL、乙醇浓度为60%、超声温度为80℃和时间为30min时,多酚提取量达到最大。响应面优化的最佳工艺为:乙醇浓度51%,超声温度80℃,超声时间30min,在此条件下,中国沙棘浆果的多酚提取量可达3.03mg/g。有机溶剂萃取法可有效纯化多酚粗提物,纯化后的总酚含量是粗提物的2倍,总黄酮含量提高了52%。采用高效液相色谱法共鉴定出纯化多酚的5种酚酸和4种黄酮醇,酚酸中以咖啡酸含量最高,其次是原儿茶酸、没食子酸;黄酮醇中以芦丁含量最高,其次是槲皮素和山奈酚。综上所述,超声波辅助提取可有效提高中国沙棘浆果中多酚的提取量,提取物中含有多种含量较高的酚类物质。

To screen optimum ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques of polyphenols, andto analyze thecomposi- tion from Chinese seabuckthorn. Based on the four factors, liquid/solid ratio, ethanol concentration, ultrasonic temperature and ultrasonic time, the optimum extraction conditions werescreened by response surface methodology （RSM）. Polyphenols extracts under the optimal conditions were purified by organic solvent, and the compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）. The results of single factor showed that the ex- traction rate of polyphenols reached the maximumwhen the liquid/solid ratio at l：15g/mL, ethanol concentration at 60%, ultrasonic temperature at 80~C and time for 30min. The optimum extraction parameters of RSM were deter- mined as 51% of ethanol concentration, 80oCof ultrasonic temperature, 30 rain of ultrasonic time. Under the con- ditions, the polyphenols yield reached 3.03mg/g. Crude extracts of polyphenols was effectively purified by organic solvent, and the total phenol content was 2 folds of the crude extract, the total flavonoids contentwas increased by 52%. Five phenolic acids and four flavonols were identified by HPLC. Caffeic acid was the highest content in phenolic acids, followed by protocatechuic acid and gallic acid. Rutin was the highest component in flavonols, followed by quercetin and kaempferol. It is suggested thatuhrasound-assisted extraction can effectively improve the extraction rate of polyphenolsin Chinese seabuckthorn berries, and the addition of polyphenols extracts contain a variety of higher phenolic compounds.