城市热岛空间格局及其变化的图形信息特征分析

Graphical Information Characteristics of Urban Heat Island Spatial Pattern and its Change

热岛效应是城市化进程中产生的特有环境问题。基于Landsat TM/ETM+(1989、2001、2007、2013年)遥感影像完成哈尔滨地面亮温定量反演、标准化和等级划分等处理,并分析城市热岛空间分布特征和时空演变规律。基于地学信息图谱理论,定量分析24a间热岛效应图谱信息变化特征,探究城市热岛格局的时空演变进程和形成机制,揭示城市化进程与热岛效应之间的响应关系。结果表明,随着哈尔滨城市化进程加速,4级热岛效应呈递增趋势,面积比例分别为4.36%、5.69%、6.29%和7.12%,主要分布在道外区和铁路沿线地带;植被和水体区域的地面温度较低,其边缘温度更低;反复变化型面积最大,后期变化型面积最小,面积比例分别为33.30%和7.30%。地学信息图谱分析可为城市热岛效应随城市化演变趋势提供准确、丰富的信息,对全面分析城市热岛的形成和发展具有重要的意义。

Nowadays,world urbanization accelerates greatly and caused some environment problems,including the urban heat island（UHI）effect,especially in developing countries.Taking Harbin city as an example,using four Landsat remote sensing images（1989,2007 and 2013 by TM sensors,2001 by ETM＋sensor）,based on RS and GIS,the land surface temperature（LST）was inverted,which was normalized,classified and figured out,while the spatial distribution characteristics and spatiotemporal change law of LST were analyzed.Using geography graphic information theory,the change characteristics of space,procedure and attribute of UHI were quantitatively analyzed,to explore the response relationship between urban expanding and UHI.The results showed that：with the expanding urban area of Harbin city,the fourth grade UHI effect was growing,which were taken accounted for 4.36%,5.69%,6.29% and 7.12%in area proportion,respectively.Meanwhile,they were mainly located in Daowai district and railway regions.The region of vegetation and water body had the lower LST,even much lower on the edge of that region.The continual change map has the largest area,while the least proportion area was the anaphasic change map,which accounted for the proportion of33.30%and 7.30%,respectively.Meanwhile,during the process of the urbanization and urban expansion,using geography graphic information theory can provide accurate and enough information for monitoring and estimating urban heat island effects.