基于“毒-效整合分析思路”探讨有毒中药附子的物质基础

Discussion on Material Basis of Toxic Herb Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata Based on the “Integrated Analytical Method of Toxicity and Efficacy”

中药的毒与效是客观存在的,尤其在药效显著的大毒中药中,毒和效既是矛盾的,又是统一的。毒与效的物质基础往往不是孤立的,而是相互影响和相互转化的。附子是著名的有毒中药,不仅药效显著,而且毒性明显,一直是研究热点。虽然目前已从附子中获得90余个化学成分,但附子起效和致毒的根本原因仍然有待进一步揭示。其问题的复杂性在于:附子的毒与效在不同条件下可以相互转化,例如附子既可以强心,也可以导致心脏毒性;既有镇痛效果,又会产生神经毒性。而且同一组分、成分在不同条件下,可能发挥完全不同的生物学效应。导致这种现象的原因包括剂量因素、模型因素、炮制因素、配伍因素、使用方法因素、代谢因素等。本文将结合课题组近年来对附子的研究结果以及文献报道,从附子化学成分、附子化学成分的药效和毒理、附子毒-效作用的转化方面进行毒-效整合分析,探讨附子的物质基础。

Chinese medicinal has both toxicity and efficacy,especially in extremely toxic drugs with potent efficacy. The toxicity and efficacy of Chinese medicinal are both contradictory and unified. The toxic and effective material basis often affect and transform to each other. Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata,a famous Chinese medicinal,not only has significant efficacy,but also extremely toxic. Thus,it has been a hotspot for research. Although more than 90 compounds have been isolated from Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata,the basic reason for its efficacy and toxicity still remains to be revealed. The complexity of the problem is that the toxicity and efficacy of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata can transform to each other under different conditions. For example,it has significant cardiotonic effect,while it can also cause cardiotoxicity. Similarly,it can release pain,but has neurotoxicity.Moreover,the same component may exert completely different biological effect due to the different dosage,model,processing method,compatibility of Chinese medicinals,and drug metabolism. Based on our research results and literatures of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata,this paper will discuss on the material basis of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Praeparata by ＂integrated analytical method of toxicity and efficacy＂.