电子垃圾简单粗放回收对环境的影响及控制管理方法探讨

Environment Implications of Primitive and Crude Recycling of E-Waste and the Discussion of Control Management Practices

本文目的在于探索电子垃圾简单粗放回收技术对土壤退化的影响,以及评估控制其相关的管理方法的有效性。面对正在产生的大量电子垃圾,目前回收方法效率不足,全球面临着电子垃圾管理的挑战。尤其发达国家废弃的电子产品被送到发展中国家处理,发展中国家的居民成为最终用户。因此发展中国家面临着电子垃圾有效处理的巨大挑战。非正规部门使用的一些简单粗放回收方法造成了环境恶化。尤其是一些简单粗放处理方法,如焚烧电子垃圾,将破坏土壤中的有机物和微生物,并在土地表面形成残留物覆盖层,使土壤退化。这些处理方法导致毒素和化学活跃物质渗入土地中,改变了土壤成分。法律措施、教育方案和财政支持等管理措施在控制简单粗放回收活动方面成效不大。政府和环保团体应该开展有效管理,减少电子垃圾简单粗放回收方法对土壤和环境造成的破坏。

This report is to explore how crude and primitive recycling techniques of e-waste degrade the soils and assess the effectiveness of management practices related to their control. The entire world faces the challenge of e-waste management due to the inefficiency of recycling methods to cater for the high amount of waste being produced. This tendency which is most common in developing countries,results in detrimental effects on the environment. It is the developed nations such as the US and China that produce huge levels of e-wastes. Electronics that go obsolete in developed countries are disposed by being sent to developing countries,whose citizens are the end users. These developing states face enormous challenges in disposing e-waste. The few recycling activities are in the informal sector that utilizes crude and primate methods, which cause environmental degradation. Particularly,crude and primitive methods such as burning e-waste degrade the soil by destroying organic matter and micro-organisms,minerals,and forming residue cover on land surface. The methods also cause toxins and chemically active substances that alter soil composition to leak into the land. The management practices such as legislation,education programs, and financial support have attained little effectiveness in controlling crude and primitive recycling activities. Governments and environmental groups should embrace effective management activities to reduce consequences of crude methods used to recycle e-wastes on soil and environment.