基于“天地一体化”指标的尾矿库安全预警技术研究

Research on the Safety Early Warning System of Tailings Pond Based on Space-ground Integration

尾矿库是一项巨大的环境风险源,一旦发生事故,会给周边环境带来严重危害,因而成为环境监管的重点。近年来,尾矿库事故频发,严重危害周边环境安全,使得尾矿库环境应急管理工作面临严峻形势。尾矿库安全预警可为尾矿库自身安全及周边环境安全管控等提供重要决策支持。为此,文章综合前人已有的相关研究成果,在充分利用现有以地面调查指标为主的指标体系的基础上,利用遥感补充获取尾矿库所在区域宏观背景指标信息,以此构建基于"天地一体化"指标和模糊层次分析法的尾矿库安全预警技术方法;并在广西河池市为例,开展该方法的试点应用,对试点尾矿库的安全风险进行评估和识别,针对其中的重点风险尾矿库进行了事故后的影响范围和响应时间的预警分析。相关的技术方法拓展了遥感技术应用,发展了尾矿库预警的方法,同时相关的试点应用成果可为当地尾矿库环境应急管理工作提供支持。

In recent years,tailings pond accidents occurred frequently,which seriously harm the surrounding environment,so that tailings pond emergency management is facing a grim situation. Safety early warning of tailing pond can provide important decision support information for the emergency management of tailings pond. Therefore,on the basis of previous studies and the application of remote sensing technology,this paper establishes a more scientific and practical safety early warning index system and combines the index system with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to build a safety warning method of tailings pond. In the end,we test the safety warning method on the sample tailings ponds in Hechi City. The result shows that the method is helpful to grasp the safety situation in time,to prevent the occurrence of accidents,to reduce the risk level and to provide important decision support for emergency management work like classification and risk control of tailings pond. The method not only extent the application of RS,but also develops the method of early warning of tailings pond.