“出版”的词类问题与向心结构之争——一项基于双层词类范畴化理论的研究

The Word Class Problem of “Chūbǎn(出版)” and Debates over Endocentric Constructions:A Study from the Perspective of the Two-level Word Class Categorization Theory

在汉语语法学界,词类多功能观取得普遍认同,但"这本书的出版"这个经典例证所引发的有关向心结构是非之争却此起彼伏。以双层词类范畴化理论为指导,基于国家语委语料库对"出版"进行使用模式调查,同时对汉语词类与句法成分之间的关系以及向心结构的理论地位进行探讨。研究发现,鉴于"出版"表指称的用法已有较高的个例频率和类型频率,概括词"出版"在现代汉语社群语言层面词库中兼属动词和名词,而非仅为动词;向心结构理论解释的是言语层面句法中的现象,"这本书的出版"整体是名词词组,其中的"出版"在言语层面句法中也是名词;所谓汉语"词类多功能观"之所以应该摒弃,是因为它存在偷换概念和以偏概全的逻辑错误。研究表明,兼顾的经典逻辑和模糊逻辑的双层词类范畴化理论有助于解决现代汉语等分析语的词类难题。

It is generally accepted in Chinese grammar studies that Chinese word classes are multifunctional, but there have been heated debates over the validity of endocentric constructions sparked by the classic example of "zhè běn shu de chūbān(这本书的出版 the publication of the book)".From the perspective of the Two-level Word Class Categorization Theory,this paper is intended to conduct a usage pattern survey of"chūbǎn(出版)" on the basis of the Chinese National Corpus, and to address the relationship between Chinese word classes and syntactic functions as well as the theoretical status of endocentric constructions.The Two-level Word Class Categorization Theory, which combines fuzzy logic with classical logic, is proved to be effective in solving the word class problem in analytic languages like Modern Chinese.