加强中印应对气候变化合作：意义与合作领域

Strengthening Climate Change Cooperation between China and India:Significance and Cooperation Areas

在国际气候谈判中,中国和印度同属基础四国、立场相近发展中国家和发展中国家集团。近年来,由于发展水平不同,中印两国在减排意愿、排放峰值、是否出资等问题上立场出现差异。中国倾向于采用更加积极的方式参与国际气候治理,而印度受发展水平限制,仍然继续坚持和强调传统的发展中国家立场。部分问题上的立场差异虽未导致中印气候合作的瓦解,但在合作诉求、未来趋势和重点领域等方面都需要进一步分析和识别。作者认为,经济社会发展和需要排放空间的共同诉求仍然是未来两国开展气候合作的基础。加强中印气候合作,不仅有利于团结发展中国家共同争取和捍卫公平发展权益,还能成为拓展中印合作行动、增进中印双边关系的重要纽带,也是对外推广中国生态文明理念和绿色低碳转型发展的潜在平台。在后《巴黎协定》时期,中国仍需继续保持和推进与印度的气候合作,加强已有合作机制,并在公平发展方案、可再生能源利用、生态文明研究等领域开展务实合作。

In international climate negotiations, both China and India are members of the BASIC group, the Like-Minded Developing Countries （LMDCs） group as well as the group of developing countries. In recent years, due to the different levels of development, China and India differ on their willingness to reduce emissions, emissions peak and funding issues. China tends to take a more active part in international climate governance, while India, constrained by its level of development, continues to uphold and emphasize the traditional position of a traditional developing country. Although differences between the two sides on some issues have not yet led to the collapse of China-India climate cooperation, more efforts need to be made to further analyze and define the aspirations of both sides, future trends in their cooperation and priority areas for collaboration. The author believes that the common aspirations of economic development and the need for emission space remain the foundation of future climate cooperation between the two countries. Strengthening China- India climate cooperation will not only help unite the developing countries, jointly fight for and safeguard their rights and interests for fair development, but also serve as an important link of enhanced cooperation and bilateral relations between the two sides. Moreover, strengthening China-India cooperation provides a potential platform for promoting the concept of ecological civilization and green and low-carbon transformation development in China. During the post-Paris Agreement era, China should continue to maintain and promote the China-Indian climate cooperation, strengthen existing cooperation mechanisms and carry out effective cooperation in fields such as solutions to fair development, use of renewable energy and research on ecological civilization.