机器人手术在关节外科中的应用进展

Research progress on the application of robotic surgery in joint surgery

机器人手术在关节外科中的应用历史已有20多年,它通过详细的手术计划及规范化的机器人操作来保证关节置换手术中假体的精确摆放,以提高手术精度,并得到良好的临床效果.但在早期尝试中,机器人手术因手术时间较长、术后并发症高、性价比不高等原因未能得到广泛应用.近年来,与导航技术结合的新一代手术机器人在不同程度上克服了以往存在的问题.随着关节外科医生对手术操作理解的深入及手术精度要求的提高使机器人手术再次受到关注,其手术应用例数正逐渐增加,相关研究随之兴起.在此背景下,本研究将简述机器人手术操作原理及其发展历史,总结目前关节外科中机器人手术的应用现状,并对其现存优势与不足作出讨论,以预测未来机器人手术的发展趋势.

Robotic surgery has been applied in joint surgery for more than 20 years, and the detailed surgical plan and the standardized operation of robot can ensure the accurate placement of prothesis in arthroplasty, which can improve the accuracy of operation, and get a good clinical effect. But in the early attempts, robotic surgery has not been widely used because of its long operation time, high postoperative complications and high cost and low performance. In recent years, a new generation of surgical robot combined with navigation technology has overcome the problems in different degrees. Robotic surgery began to be noticed again with the increase of the operating requirements and in-depth understanding of the surgical precision from surgeons. The surgery cases are increasing, along with the rise of related research. The review will summarize the operation principle and development history of robotic surgery, discuss the current application status of robotic surgery in joint surgery, and the existing advantages and disadvantages so as to predict the future development trend of robotic surgery.