外泌体在心肌梗死治疗中的新启示

The new revelation of exosomes in treating myocardial infarction

冠状动脉粥样硬化疾病是最多发的心血管病,其中心肌梗死的发生率和死亡率高居全世界首位,但是,心肌梗死后心肌的修复机制非常的复杂,至今为止没有较好的方法治疗心肌梗死.外泌体作为细胞和组织间的关键媒介,在心肌梗死后扮演不可或缺的角色.目前相关研究发现,在心肌梗死后内皮细胞、心脏祖细胞、心肌细胞、干细胞、成纤维细胞和血细胞能够分泌不同类型的外泌体.那些外泌体可以促进血管生成,抗凋亡,增进有丝分裂,促进生长因子释放,能够诱导修复心肌,减少心脏损伤范围,因此,其或许能够作为心肌梗死诊断和判断预后的重要指标,成为治疗心肌梗死的新手段.本文将阐述外泌体在心肌梗死治疗方面中的新启示以及在临床中的应用前景.

Coronary atherosclerosis disease is the most common cardiovascular disease. Among them, the incidence and mortality of myocardial infarction ranks first in the world. However, the mechanism of cardial repair after myocardial infarction is complicated, there is no good method to treat myocardial infarction. Exosomes play an important role in intercellular and tissue-level communication after myocardial infarction. At present, it is shown that endothelial cells, cardiac progenitor cell, cardiomyocytes, stem cells , fibreblasts and hemocyte can release different kinds of exosomes after myocardial infarction. These exosomes are rich in factors with the effect of promoting angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, stimulating mitosis and growth in order to induce repair and healing of the cardiomyocyte and reduce infarct size. Therefore, exosomes may serve as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers of myocardial infarction, which will become a new treatment for myocardial infaction. In this paper, we will discuss the new revelation of exosomes in treating myocardial infarction and its clinical application.