无政府主义的丧钟——政府起源的进化动力学分析

The Knell of Anarchism: An Evolutionary Dynamical Analysis of the Origin of Government

无政府主义是一种历史悠久并一度产生世界性影响的思潮,至今仍占据人类思想阵地的一隅。到目前为止,对它的反驳与对它的支持一样都属于抽象的哲学思辨范式,难以直接撼动其逻辑基础。以始于约11000年前的人类社会大型化进程为历史背景,运用进化动力学方法分析政府的起源过程,可以发现政府之于大型社会是一种进化稳定策略。人类只要在大型社会生活,就不得不接纳一个从普通社会成员分离出来但又超然于普通社会成员之上的政府,否则就只能逃遁于雨林、荒漠或冰原等人类社会的边缘地带。尽管无政府主义在许多方面仍有一定的借鉴意义,但对于现代的大型社会而言其科学基础已不复存在。

As a kind of thought with a long history, Anarchism once produced a world-wide influence and still occupies a comer of human thought position. So far, both its refutation and its support fall into a paradigm of abstractly philosophical speculation, and it is difficult to directly shake its logical basis. Under the historical background of expansion of human society which began about 11,000 years ago, the paper uses an evolutionary dynamics method to analyze the origin of government and finds that government is an evolutionarily stable strategy for large-scale society. As long as people live in large-scale society, they have to accept a government separated from ordinary members of society but detached from them, otherwise they will have to flee into such edges of human society as rainforest, desert or ice sheet. Although anarchism still has some reference in many respects, its scientific foundation has ceased to exist for modem large- scale societies.