日语格助词カラ的本质义考察——基于格助词本质义理论

A Study on the Essential Meaning of Japanese Case Marker “カラ”:Based on the Essential Meaning Theory of Case Marker

日语格助词在"名词+格助词+谓词"的结构中表示名词与谓词之间的语法关系,天生具有不依赖句法语境的、抽象的本质义,在名词与谓词的语义特征及相互作用下会产生多义,而这些多义之间既非孤立,也并非是源于原型义的派生,它们只不过是本质义在不同句法语境中的化身而已。本文假设格助词カラ的本质义为"移动起点+为移动继续(发展或变化)留下矢量"。而在基于语义特征的句法语境中产生的多义各自所对应的正是始终如一的、抽象的本质义。

The Japanese case marker ＂カラ＂ indicates grammatical relationships between the noun and the predicate in the＂noun-case marker-predicate＂structure. The essential meaning of the marker is the commencement-continuation movement and varies with the interaction between the noun and the predicate in different syntactic contexts. It is argued that the 11 meanings produced in various syntactic contexts based on semantic features each corresponds to a constant essential meaning.