干旱山区不同栽培方式对三种药材经济性状的影响

Effects of different cultivation patterns on economic characters of three Chinese herbal medicines in dry mountain area

旱作区中药材品质好、种植广泛,为了筛选适宜该区域中药材的最佳栽培方式,选择丹参、苦参和大黄3种中药材,采用白色、黑色单垄集雨沟全膜覆盖栽培与露地(CK)栽培方式,研究不同栽培模式下中药材的经济性状变化。结果表明,地膜覆盖提高了膜下土壤温度,白膜平均昼温提高(0.88~3.26)℃、平均夜温提高(0.37~2.67)℃,黑膜平均昼温提高(0.41~2.17)℃、平均夜温提高(0.08~1.72)℃;延长了土壤保持水分的时间,黑膜长于白膜,露地最短。3种药材黑膜覆盖比白膜覆盖下的根长增加3.32%~26.57%,根茎径粗增加21.43%~66.67%,鲜根重增加11.84%~43.97%。这三种根茎类药材采用黑膜单垄集雨沟全膜覆盖栽培有利于根茎长、根茎粗、单根重等经济性状的提高。

Chinese herbal medicines with good quality were widely cultivated in dry farming. In order to screen out the appropriate cultivation pattern for Chinese herbal medicine,the effects of three cultivation patterns（ridge-furrow with full white transparent plastic film mulching system,RW; ridge-furrow with full black plastic film mulching system,RB; flat plot without mulch,CK） on economic characters of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,Sophora flavescens Ait. and Rheum officinale Baill. were analyzed. The results showed that soil temperature was increased under RW and RB treatments,average daytime temperature was increased by 0.88~3.26 ℃ and average nighttime temperature was increased by 0.37~2.67 ℃ with RW treatment; average daytime temperature was increased by 0.41~2.17 ℃ and average nighttime temperature increased by 0.08~1.72 ℃ with RB treatment. And the soil water-retention time was extended under RW and RB treatments（RB 〉RW 〉CK）. Compare with RW treatment,root length,root diameter and fresh root weight of three Chinese herbal medicines increased by 3.32~26.57%,21.43~66.67%,11.84~43.97%,respectively. It is concluded that Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,Sophora flavescens Ait. and Rheum officinale Baill. with ridgefurrow with full black plastic film mulching system could increase root length,root diameter and fresh root weight.