精准扶贫视角下转移支付的吸收能力——来自贫困县的证据

Absorptive Capacity of Transfer Payment from the Perspective of Targeted Poverty Alleviation: Evidence from National-level Poverty Counties

转移支付制度作为财政分权体制的重要机制,对精准扶贫与缓解区域发展不平衡意义重大,而我国规模庞大的转移支付是否发挥了应有作用?通过引入吸收能力概念,并利用人力资本、社会资本和政府能力三个维度刻画吸收能力,基于国家级贫困县的面板数据进行实证分析,研究发现:吸收能力对转移支付资金使用效率的解释力至少为50%,人力资本和社会资本基本上都对转移支付的经济增长效应起到促进作用,政府规模的膨胀则反之;约有至少66%、30%以及40%的贫困县分别受制于人力资本匮乏、社会资本不足和政府规模膨胀因素影响,导致一般性转移支付资金的浪费,而专项转移支付因直接驱动政府投资增加受到的约束更加严重。据此,在设计转移支付制度时,还应该重视不同地区吸收能力,从精准扶贫上下功夫,并加强专项转移支付管理,从而完善转移支付制度。

As an important mechanism of fiscal decentralization,the transfer payment system plays an important role in precise poverty alleviation and regional development. This paper introduces the concept of absorptive capacity,uses human capital,social capital and government capacity to measure the absorptive capacity,and carries on the empirical analysis based on the panel data of the national-level poverty counties. It is show n that absorptive capacity explains at least fifty percent of the efficiency of transfer payment,human capital and social capital basically promote economic grow th w hile the expansion of government scale imposes a negative effect. There are at least 66%,30% and 40% poor counties subject to the lack of human capital,social capital and government scale expansion respectively,resulting in a w aste of money of the transfer payment. M oreover,due to its direct relationship w ith public investment,earmarked transfer payments faces a more severe constrain. Finally,this paper points out that attention should be paid to absorptive capacity,w hich varies across different regions. Also,the management of earmarked transfer should be strengthened to improve China＇s transfer payment institution.