北京市社区失能老人的社区护理需求调查

Community Care Needs of Disabled Elderly People in Beijing

目的调查了解失能老人的社区护理需求,并对影响护理需求的因素进行分析,为更好地指导失能老人的社区护理提供依据。方法选取北京市方庄社区及青塔社区符合纳入标准的失能老人389名,通过自行设计的社区护理需求调查问卷收集相关信息,了解其社区护理需求。采用SPSS13.0统计软件对调查资料进行处理分析。结果在所有被调查者中,有上门治疗、健康保健知识指导、慢性病管理、心理疏导的护理需求比例依次为64.0%、97.9%、88.9%、57.1%。60~70岁、71~80岁以及>80岁失能老人对上门治疗、慢性病管理和心理疏导护理需求的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。一种、两种、三种及以上疾病数量失能老人对上门治疗、慢性病管理和心理疏导护理需求的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论失能老人的社区护理需求较大,社区医疗机构应开展专业化的培训,制定针对性的护理计划。

Objective To investigate the community nursing needs of disabled elderly and analyze the influence factors, so as to provide evidence for better guidance of community nursing for disabled elderly. Methods A total number of 389 disabled elderly with inclusion criteria in Beijing Qingta community and Fangzhuang community was selected. The relevant information for understanding the needs of community nursing was collected through the community nursing needs questionnaire designed by ourselves. SPSS 13.0 statistic software was used to analyze the survey data. Results Among all the respondents, the proportion of nursing needs, including home treatment, health care knowledge guidance, chronic disease management and psychological counseling, was 64.0%, 97.9%, 88.9% and 57.1%, respectively. There were significant differences in the demand for home care, chronic disease management and psychological counseling among 60-70 year old, 71-80 year old and 80 years old disabled elderly（P〈0.05）. There were statistically significant differences in the demand for home treatment, chronic disease management and psychological counseling among the disabled elderly patients with one, two or more diseases（three or more）（P〈0.05）. Conclusion The community nursing needs of disabled elderly are larger, community medical institutions should carry out professional training, formulate targeted nursing plan, and improve the quality of life of the disabled elderly community.