日本NPO参与养老服务供给的机制与效果分析

The Analysis of the Mechanism and Effect of Japan NPO Participating in Providing Pension Services

日本NPO(非营利组织)参与养老服务供给机制,是建立在社会自发形成的基础之上,通过NPO法人资格认定与介护保险制度被动性调节所形成的。这种机制的设定一方面促进了社会自发形成养老服务供给功能,另一方面却无助于政府针对NPO主动地进行调节和控制。这导致了NPO在养老服务供给中产生了与公共介护保险制度严重同化,且无明显相对服务价格优势的实际运作效果。虽然NPO参与具体养老服务机制的形成应当以激发公民的自我组织意愿和行为为前提,但不适当的公共政策和制度设定无助于NPO发挥自身的独立性与效率优势。所以政府必须重视并防止NPO失灵或无效的情况,以保障社会养老服务体系自我调整的策略空间。

The mechanism of Japan＇s NPO participation in the provision of pension service which is based on the spontaneous formation of the society, and the passive regulation of the NPO legal personality recognition and care insurance system. On the one hand, the establishment of such a mechanism has promoted the sponta- neous formation of pension service provision in society, and on the other hand, it has not helped the govern- ment to proactively regulate and control Japan＇s NPO. This has led to the effect that NPO in the provision of pension services produced a serious assimilation of public health care insurance system, and with no significant relative service price advantage on the actual operation. The enlightenment given by Japanese practice is that although the formation of NPO participation in specific pension services should be based on stimulating the self -organization of citizens＂ willingness and behavior, inappropriate public policies and institutional settings will not help NPO exert their own independence and efficiency advantage. Therefore, the government must pay at- tention to and prevent the failure or invalidation of the NPO in order to guarantee the strategic space for self - adjustment of social pension service system.