高性能陶瓷涂层及其制备工艺发展趋势

Development Trend of High Performance Ceramic Coatings and Preparation Technologies

从功能、用途方面分类综述了耐磨、耐蚀以及热障三大类高性能陶瓷涂层,在此基础上,介绍了高性能陶瓷涂层常用的制备工艺,重点探讨了不同制备方法的特点和适用场合,指出了制备方法的发展方向。物理气相沉积技术(PVD)制备的陶瓷涂层纯度高、致密性好,并且与基体结合牢固,但其生产成本高,生产效率低,因此物理气相沉积技术向着高效率、低成本的方向发展。化学气相沉积技术(CVD)制备的陶瓷涂层涂覆率高、致密性好,但其反应温度高,并且伴随着有毒有害气体产生,因此化学气相沉积技术向着低温、环保的方向发展。等离子喷涂技术(PS)制备陶瓷涂层成本低、效率高、适应性强,但涂层孔隙率高,并且涂层与基体的结合强度低,因此等离子喷涂技术向着高致密、高结合强度的方向发展。激光熔覆技术制备的陶瓷涂层组织细小、力学性能优良,但其操作工艺复杂,产品质量很难控制,因此激光覆熔技术向着工艺简单、质量可控的方向发展。最后,展望了高性能陶瓷涂层及其制备工艺的发展方向和可能的研究内容。

Three types of high performance ceramic coating, namely, wear-resistant ceramic coatings, corrosion-resistant coatings and thermal barrier coatings, were reviewed in terms of function and application. On this basis, common preparation techniques of high performance ceramic coatings were introduced, characteristics and applications were investigated emphatically, and development direction of different preparation methods was pointed out. Ceramic coatings prepared in PVD method featured in high purity, high compactness and good cohesion with substrate, but they had such disadvantages as high production cost and low production efficiency, so the PVD technology was developed in the direction of high efficiency and low cost. The ceramic coatings prepared in CVD method featured in high coating rate and high density, but they had such disadvantages as high reaction temperature, so the CVD technology was developed in the direction of low temperature and environmental protec-tion as poisonous and harmful gases were produced. The ceramic coatings prepared in PS method featured in low cost, high efficiency and good adaptability, but they had such disadvantages as high coating porosity, and low coating-substrate bonding strength, so PS was developed in the direction of high density and high bonding strength. The ceramic coatings prepared in PS method featured in fine microstructure and good mechanical properties, but they had such disadvantages as complex operation technique and uncontrollable product quality, so laser cladding technology was developed in the direction of simple process and controllable quality. Finally, the development direction and potential research content of high performance ceramic coatings and their preparation technologies were prospected.