河南省冬小麦土壤生物活性对滴灌方式的响应

Response of soil biological activities to drip irrigation in winter wheat of Henan province

研究河南省井灌区冬小麦土壤生物活性对滴灌方式的响应,为该区最佳滴灌方式选择提供土壤生物学依据。在田间设置2个滴灌定额水平(I:127.5 mm、90 mm)和2个滴灌带间距水平(D:80 cm、60 cm),在冬小麦开花期、灌浆期和成熟期采集耕层土壤,测定细菌、真菌、放线菌3种土壤微生物数量和转化酶、脲酶、磷酸酶、水解酶(CAT)、脱氢酶、氧化还原酶(PPO)6种土壤酶活性及小麦产量。结果表明:1)I127.5D80处理的土壤细菌、放线菌生长最旺盛,I90D60处理次之。尤其在成熟期,I127.5D80处理的细菌、放线菌数量比I127.5D60处理分别显著提高5.48倍和10.04倍;2)I127.5D80处理成熟期脱氢酶活性显著高于其余处理,开花期和灌浆期CAT活性均显著低于其余处理。其中,成熟期脱氢酶活性较I127.5D60、I90D60、I90D80处理分别提高208.33%、50%、18.09%,开花期和灌浆期CAT活性分别降低43.52%、46.74%、55.91%和53.25%、10.88%、55.12%;3)土壤生物学响应系数与小麦产量呈极显著正相关关系,I127.5D80处理土壤生物学响应系数、小麦产量均最高,是最佳的滴灌方式。

The purpose of this research is to study the effects of different drip irrigation methods on soil biological activities by a comparative analysis of soil microbial quantities and soil enzyme activities in well irrigation area of Henan. Two levels drip irrigation quota （I： 127.5 mm, 90 mm） and interval （D： 80 cm, 60 cm） were conducted, respectively. In total, g kinds of drip irrigation treatments were set up in the winter wheat field experiment. The topsoil samples of the treatments in winter wheat field were collected to analyze the quantities of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes and the activities of soil enzymes （invertase, urease, phosphatase, CAT, dehydrogenase, PPO） during the periods of the flowering, filling and maturing of winter wheat. The soil microbial quantities, soil enzyme activities and wheat yield were determined and analyzed, respectively. The results showed that, 1 ） Soil bacteria and actinomycetes grew vigorously of I127.5 Ds0, followed by I9oD6o, especially in the period of mature. Compared with I127.sD60, the quantities of soil bacteria and actinomycetes of I127 sDs0 were increased by 5.48 times and 10. 04 times, respectively; 2） The dehydrogenase activity of I127.5 Ds0 treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments in mature stage, and CAT activity was significantly lower than other treatments in flowering and filling stage. Compared to Itzt.sD6o, I9oD6o, Ig0Dso, the dehydrogenase activity of I127.sDs0 treatments were increased by 208. 33%, 50%, 18.09% in mature stage, respectively, CAT activity decreased by 43.52%, 46.74%, 55.91% and 53.25% , 10. 88%, 55.12% in flowing and grain filling stage, respectively. 3） There was a significant positive correlation between the response coefficient of soil biology and wheat yield, both the response coefficient and wheat yield of I127.5D80 were the highest. In a word, I127.5D80 treatment is the optimal selection of drip irrigation.