一株人参根区解磷细菌的筛选、鉴定及对人参生长的影响

Screening and identification of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria from ginseng root zone and its effect on ginseng growth

人参是我国传统名贵中药材,也是吉林省对外交往中的代名词。吉林参畦土壤有效磷含量低,但大量施用磷肥又会导致人参品质的下降,因此,本研究从人参根区土壤中筛选高效解磷细菌,接种到人参根部,研究其对人参生长、品质、土壤速效养分、土壤酶活性的影响,以期为人参解磷微生物肥料提供优良菌株,从而促进人参产业绿色发展。采用PKO平板初筛及摇瓶复筛从野山参根区土壤筛选高效解磷细菌。盆栽试验以3年生人参种苗为材料,每盆种植6棵单株重相同的人参种苗,设对照(CK)和处理组,待完全展叶后间苗,留取4棵长势一致的人参苗,采用滴灌的方式将菌液接种在人参苗根部附近,生长至红果期(90 d)取样,测定植物生长量和叶绿素含量、土壤速效养分、参根和参叶中NPK的含量、土壤酶活性、参根中微量元素和8种皂苷的含量。结果表明,1)平板初筛和摇瓶复筛得到P1、P7菌株,摇瓶培养中,P1可溶性磷为472.85μg/m L,P7可溶性磷为437.33μg/m L。2)P1处理的人参参根鲜重、干重显著高于P7、BM、CK处理,株高显著高于对照,叶绿素含量显著高于P7、BM、CK(P<0.05)。3)P1处理促进人参对土壤钾元素的吸收,提高磷素在参根中的积累量。4)接种菌剂可以不同程度的提高土壤酶活性,以P1处理的效果最显著,P1处理人参根际土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶活性均为最高。5)P1处理显著提高了人参根中Fe、Mn、Cu的含量,分别较对照增加了52.74%、127.03%、28.96%,P1处理Zn与对照相比增加19.96%;人参根中8种单体皂苷P1处理均显著高于P7、BM、CK。6)经16S rRNA分析结合P1形态初步鉴定为假单胞菌。

Ginseng is one of the famous traditional Chinese medicines. The available phosphorus is low in Jilin Ginseng soil. However, the excessive application of phosphate fertilizer will lead to a decline in the quality of ginseng. Therefore, a serious of experiment was carried out to isolate high effective phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to reveal the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on soil fertility, soil enzyme activities and ginseng growth and quality. By PKO plate method and liquid medium, the high effective phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was isolated from soil of wild ginseng root zone. There were six ginseng seedlings with the same weight planted in 6 pots separately, based on the materials of 3-year-old ginseng seedlings. The control and treatment groups were set for comparison. After the leaves were fully planted, the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria were inocula- ted around four uniform ginseng roots by drip irrigation. The plant growth, chlorophyll content, soil available nutrient content, the content of NPK in leafs and roots, soil enzyme activities, the contents of trace elements and 8 kinds of saponins in the roots were determined at the 90 days of red fruit period. The results showed that ： 1 ） With PKO plate method and liquid medium, P1 and P7 strains were obtained, the soluble P in the cultures of strains P1 and P7 reached 472. 85 and 437. 33 Ixg/mL, re- spectively. 2） The fresh weight and dry weight of ginseng in P1 treatment were higher than those of P7, BM and CK treatment （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, and the plant height of P1 treatment was higher than the control group. The chlorophyll content of P1 treatment was higher than that of P7, BM and CK. 3） P1 treatment promoted the uptake of potassium by ginseng and increased the accu- mulation of phosphorus in roots significantly. 4） Inoculation agents could increase the activity of soil enzyme in different de- gree. The effect of P1 treatment was most significant. The activities of urease, acid phosphatase and peroxidase of rhizosphere soil in PI treatment were highest. 5） The roots＇ contents of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in P1 treatment were the highest, and in- creased by 52. 74%, 127. 03%, 28. 96% and 19. 96% respectively relative to those in the CK. The content of 8 saponins were higher than those in the P7, BM, CK treatment. 6） The strains PI was identified as Pseudomonasby 16S rRNA analysis and bacterial morphology.