大城市郊区乡村性的商品化——以北京市怀柔区为例

Study on the Spatial Commodification of Rurality in Huairou District in Beijing City

乡村性是反映乡村发展水平与乡村地域空间差异的重要指标,而农村空间的商品化既是农村要素的商品化,也是乡村性的商品化.为此,本文以怀柔区各乡镇为研究单元,从农村地域的生态基础、经济基础、社会基础三方面,构建其乡村性指数,在此基础上对该区的乡村性进行定量评价.并以研究区休闲农业为例,分析了其乡村性与空间商品化之关系.结论如下:1)在2004—2014年间,怀柔区的乡村性在不断地减弱.因城市土地利用的利用范围扩大,区内耕地面积减少,居民用地增加,农村空间的生态基础脆弱化.经济基础也变得越来越依赖于城市产业,由于城市居民的乡村旅游活动,农民纯收入增加明显,而且呈现空间差异.2)由于城市居民的介入,作为社会基础的农村社区也正在发生变化,劳动力人口从第一产业转移到镇乡企业,农村青年劳动力流失.这些农村基础要素的改变引起了农村空间商品化的变化.3)农村空间商品化作为乡村空间重构的重要手段,对研究区的乡村性产生较大影响.农村空间商品化与乡村性相互影响、相互制约.

Rurality is an important indicator,which can be reflected the rural development level and spatial difference of the rural areas. The spatial commodification in rural space is not only the rural elements,but also the rurality. In order to figure out the correlation between rurality and the spatial commodification,towns are taken as empirical study units to set up rurality indexes. The spatial difference of rurality in Huairou is studied. The research finds that the rurality indexes of Huairou have been changed from 2004 to 2014. With the development of society and economy,the expansion of urban land is used,the basis of rural spatial ecological is fragile,economic base has dependented on industry more than ever. At the same time,the rural communities as the foundation of society are also changing because of the involvement of urban. The change of these basic elements of rural affects the rural space commercialization. The spatial commodification in rural space is an important mean of reconstruction of rural space,it can influence rurality deeply. The relationship between spatial commodification and rurality is complicated,they are mutual influence and restraint.