抗日战争时期田赋征实与新绅权的确立

Land Tax Grain Levies and New Gentry Power during the Anti-Japanese War

1941年国民政府实施的田赋征实政策对农村社会产生了深刻影响。随着财经压力大增与国民党政权在农村社会的组织动员能力不足之间产生深刻矛盾,促使地方精英阶层在地方政治舞台重获权力,此被称之为新绅权的确立。为落实田赋征实政策,国民政府高层在舆论上重新肯定地方士绅的作用;地方精英阶层在田赋征实政策执行中获得较强的参与权和话语权;在政治上,国民政府把部分地方精英整合入体制内,以县参议会为中心的地方民意机构的建立,为新绅权提供法理权威和新的政治空间,体现了国民政府以一定的政治权力让渡来获得经济支持的策略,影响着地方政治结构的变化。

Land tax grain levies marks the establishment of the wartime economy, the National Government strength economic resources from rural society, and through the national finance system reform transfer this pressure to grassroots regime. The National Government took a series of measures to relieve the pressure, mainly through the policy, system construction, integrating some local elites in the political system, and get the local elite economic support. Local elites have strong ability of participation in land tax and voice; County council set up, also created new political space for local elites. State-approved local elites also called ＂new country gentlemen＂, the expansion of their pow- er, call it ＂New Gentlemen Power＂.